非人灵长类的自我觉察能力综述

A Review of Self-Recognition Ability in Nonhuman Primates

自我觉察是动物个体通过线索觉察到镜像与自己的联系,并利用线索来验证镜像与自身关联的能力。近三十年来,随着各学科的研究范式和方法的发展,关于非人灵长类的自我觉察研究不断深入,并涌现出大量新的研究成果。这方面的相关研究不仅能够为探索更深层、复杂的认知能力提供解释基础,而且能为人类互动行为和认知研究提供参照。目前,国外相关研究较为广泛,而国内却依然十分薄弱。本文重在介绍非人灵长类自我觉察研究的镜子实验这一基本范式,以及根据这一范式所得出的检验自我觉察能力的行为指标、相关推理过程、理论及研究;同时也回顾了自我觉察在猴类方面的研究进展以及其在人类与黑猩猩的物种间发展性比较研究;总结了录像法、脸部识别的认知神经科学范式等较新近的自我觉察研究方法和范式特点和优势、最新进展;最后对于自我觉察研究提出了完善概念界定、整合研究工具与实验范式、结合多学科多物种研究策略的展望,旨在拓展国内的相关研究领域,为其他物种的相关研究提供范例。

Self-recognition is an ability where individuals realize the relationship between themselves and an image in the mirror using various clues. In past three decades, self-recognition studies of nonhuman primates have deepened in scope and significance by using various research paradigms and methodologies. Research in this area not only provides deeper insight into and explanation for complex cognitive abilities, but also interactions between behavior and cognition. Currently, with this research widely undertaken in foreign countries, the domesticliterature on this subject is relatively weak. This article introduce a mirror-based experiment as well as outlining the basic research paradigm of self-recognition studies, the advantages of video observation and face recognition. In conclusion, this article proposes the future prospects of clearly defining procedures in self-recognition studies with the goal of expanding the domestic research field.