古希腊努斯精神的兴起、衰亡与重塑

On Rise、Decline and Reconstruction of the Spirit of Greek Nous

古希腊哲学的重要概念努斯,经过一定的演变,最终,在亚里士多德那里获得其最完整的内涵。我们可以从动力因、认识功能、与逻各斯和灵魂的关系,以及其自身的超越性等视角加以理解。这一概念在中世纪有奥古斯丁和阿奎那两种路向,都不同程度地有重灵魂、信仰而轻认识的倾向。近代,努斯即理智直观或本质直观的认识功能的根源,即灵魂不死说存在消失或转化为先天说和先验说的思路。随着先验说的失败,海德格尔的"自身行动"或"自身显现"这个概念只能是作为根源的努斯的最好解说,但最终使得认识的根源或哲学的根源失去。伽达默尔借助语言存在论在一定程度上意图恢复古希腊的努斯精神。

The important concept of nous evolves in ancient Greek philosophy . Finally, its meaning come to arrive inner cer- tainty in Aristotle. We can understand it from four following horizons, namely, moving cause, cognitive function, relation of logos and soul, transcendence. Thus, further, we can find that this concept has two lines in Middle Ages, namely, Augustine and Aqui- nas, who stress on soul and faith, look down cognitive function of nous in various degrees. In modern philosophy, nous had become intuitive reason, its ground which was Immortality of the soul in the past is declining or transforms into apriorism and transcendental- ism. With the failure of transcendentalism, these concept, ＂self - act＂ and ＂self - evidence＂ , is the best account of nous as ground in Heidegger, but , in fact , cognition＇ ground disappeared finally, even philosophy＇ ground. To the extent, Gadamer intends to re- new ancient Greek spirit of nous by language＇ s ontology.