右美托咪定复合亚麻醉剂量氯胺酮对开胸术患者麻醉恢复期躁动的影响

Effects of dexmedetomidine combined with subanesthetic dose of ketamine on emergence agitation in patients undergoing thoracotomy

目的 评价右美托咪定复合亚麻醉剂量氯胺酮对开胸术患者麻醉恢复期躁动的影响.方法 择期食道癌根治术患者80例,ASA分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,年龄55～75岁,体重50～ 75 kg,采用随机数字表法分为4组（n=20）：生理盐水组（NS组）、右美托咪定组（D组）、亚麻醉剂量氯胺酮组（K组）和右美托咪定复合亚麻醉剂量氯胺酮组（DK组）.手术结束前10 min时DK组、K组静脉注射氯胺酮0.5 mg/kg,DK组和D组静脉输注右美托咪定0.5 μg/kg,NS组给予等容量的生理盐水.记录苏醒时间、气管拔管时间、ICU停留时间、麻醉恢复期躁动的发生情况及程度和术后24 h内心血管事件及低氧血症的发生情况.于麻醉诱导前（T1）、术毕给药完毕即刻（T2）、拔除气管导管即刻（T3）及拔除气管导管后5 min（T4）、10 min（T5）、30 min（T6）时记录Ramsay镇静评分.结果 4组患者苏醒时间、气管拔管时间及ICU停留时间比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;与NS组比较,D组、K组和DK组T3-T6时Ramsay镇静评分升高,躁动发生率和程度降低,心血管事件和低氧血症发生率降低（P＜ 0.05或0.01）;与D组和K组比较,DK组T3-T6时Ramsay镇静评分升高,躁动发生率和程度降低,心血管事件和低氧血症发生率降低（P＜0.05）.结论 右美托咪定复合亚麻醉剂量氯胺酮可预防开胸术患者麻醉恢复期躁动,且效果优于两者单独应用.

Objective To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine combined with subanesthetic dose of ketamine on the emergence agitation in the patients undergoing thoracotomy.Methods Eighty ASA physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients,aged 55-75 yr,weighing 50-75 kg,scheduled for elective esophageal cancer resection,were randomly divided into 4 groups （n =20 each） using a random number table：normal saline group （NS group）,dexmedetomidine group （group D）,subanesthetic dose of ketamine group （group K）,and dexmedetomidine combined with ketamine group （group DK）.In DK and K groups,ketamine 0.5 mg/kg was injected intravenously （within 1 min） at 10 min before the end of the operation.In DK and D groups,dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg was infused intravenously over 10 min starting from 10 min before the end of operation.In group NS,the equal volume of normal saline was infused intravenously over 10 min starting from l0 min before the end of operation.The emergence time,extubation time,duration of ICU stay,occurrence and degree of agitation,and development of cardiovascular events and hypoxemia within 24 h after operation were recorded.Ramsay sedation scores were recorded before induction of anesthesia （T1）,immediately after completion of administration at the end of surgery （T2）,and at 0,5,10 and 30 min after extubation （T3-6）.Results There was no significant difference in the emergence time,extubation time,and duration of ICU stay between the four groups.Compared with group NS,Ramsay sedation scores were significantly increased at T3-6,the incidence and degree of agitation were decreased,and the incidence of cardiovascular events and hyoxemia was decreased in D,K and DK groups.Compared with D or K group,Ramsay sedation scores were significantly increased at T3-6,the incidence and degree of agitation were decreased,and the incidence of cardiovascular events and hyoxemia was decreased in group DK.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine combined with subanesthetic dose of ketamine can prevent the emergence agitation in the patients undergoing thoracotomy,which provides better efficacy than either alone.