北京市社区婴儿母亲养育自我效能感分析

Analysis on self-efficacy of maternal parenting in communities of Beijing

目的:探讨北京市社区婴儿家庭母亲自我效能感状况及影响因素。方法:采用随机抽样的方法对北京市海淀区、石景山区4家社区卫生服务中心270名婴儿家庭进行家庭养育和母亲自我效能感问卷调查。结果:本次调查以35岁以下(89.23%)母亲分娩的6月龄婴儿为主(66.67%),多为固定(74.07%)祖辈带养(57.99%)的三代同堂(57.92%)家庭,父母以大学及以上学历(88.52%和89.63%)为主。单因素分析显示母亲亲自带养、核心家庭、高文化水平、生育年龄偏大和每日带养孩子时间长的母亲具有较高的自我效能感(P<0.05);多因素分析显示养育人固定与否、母亲本次生育年龄和文化程度对母亲养育自我效能感影响差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:针对不同的家庭模式及父母受教育程度,采取不同的亲子宣教模式,改善家庭育儿环境,提高母亲养育自我效能感,以促进安全母婴依恋关系的建立与发展。

Objective： To explore the status and influencing factors of self-efficacy of maternal parenting in communities of Bei- jing. Methods： Random cluster sampling was used to select 270 families with infants from four community health service centers in Haidian District and Shijingshan District in Beijing, a questionnaire was used to survey family nurture environment and self-efficacy of maternal par- enting. Results： Among the infants, 66.67% of the infants were six months old and born by mothers under 35 years old （89.23%）, 74. 07% of the infants were raised by grandparents （57.99%） fixedly in three-generation families （57.92%）, the parents of 88. 52% and 89. 63% of the infants were at undergraduate or above level, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that the self-efficacy of maternal par- enting in person, core family, high educational level, older reproductive age, raising children with longer time daily was higher （ P〈0. 05 ） ; multivariate analysis showed that fixed caregivers or not, maternal age of childbearing, and educational level had significant impacts on self- efficacy of maternal parenting （ P〈0. 05 ） ; Conclusion： Different parent-offspring education model should be adopted to improve family en- vironment and maternal parenting self-efficacy according to different family models and parental educational levels, in order to promote the establishment and development of secure attachment relationship between mothers and children.