《五纬历指》中译介的托勒密几何模型方法

Introduction to the Geometrical Model of Almagest in Wuweilizhi

运用比较研究的方法,探讨了《五纬历指》在几何模型基础上建立起来的平行、岁行、本行、视行、均圈等一系列概念,以《五纬历指》中的土星理论为例,讨论了托勒密计算两心差、最高点和本轮半径等对《五纬历指》的影响,结合《至大论》给出次均数的计算,分析了托勒密引进"偏心等速圆"的历史语境及耶稣会士的态度,进而阐明编撰《崇祯历书》时建立在西方天文学几何模型基础上的"法"的思想.

The methods of geometrical model in Almagest were introduced into China in Wuweilizhi for the first time.It is illustrated and analyzed some theories including Pingxing（平行）,Suixing（岁行）, Benxing（本行）,Shixing（视行）,Junquan（均圈）,Junshu（均数）,Cijunshu（次均数）and Quanjunshu（全均数） etc in this paper.Moreover,taking for example of the Saturn’s theory,it is studied the process of calculating the difference of two centers（两心差）、the farthest point（最高点）and the radius of epicycle in the paper.Based on the viewpoint of comparative study,it explains the method of geometrical models constructed by means of empirical data in Almagest.It is analyzed the historical background of equant and the Jesuit astronomer’s attitude towards it in the paper.It points out that there were some inconsistencies and confusion in Wuweilizhi .