中国南方黎族和北方哈萨克族大学生身体特征差异性研究

Analysis of Physique Characteristics Between Li and Kazak College Students

通过比较中国南方黎族和北方哈萨克族大学生的体质特征,为少数民族地区体育和卫生工作提供参考.对南方黎族和北方哈萨克族大学生的同类体质测试指标的统计分析结果显示:黎族大学生身高(cm)、体重(kg)、肺活量(mL)三项身体形态机能指标显著低于哈萨克族大学生(P<0.01);两项身体形态机能派生指标的比较,体重(kg)/身高(cm)×1000指数,黎族大学生显著低于哈萨克族大学生(P<0.01),肺活量(mL)/体重(kg)指数,黎族大学生和哈萨克族大学生无显著性差异(P>0.05);台阶实验(指数)、坐位体前屈(cm)、立定跳远(cm)三项身体素质指标的比较,黎族男大学生与哈萨克族男大学生立定跳远(cm)成绩无显著性差异(P>0.05),黎族女大学生立定跳远成绩显著高于哈萨克族女大学生(P<0.01),其他各项身体素质指标比较结果均为黎族大学生显著高于哈萨克族大学生(P<0.01).南方黎族大学生与北方哈萨克族大学生各项体质指标的比较结果表明,黎族大学生具有身体形态相对廋小,身体机能耐力相对强,身体素质的柔韧屈伸度大、跳跃灵巧性好的体质特征,哈萨克族大学生具有身体形态较为高大,身体机能耐力相对弱,身体素质的柔韧屈伸度相对小、跳跃能力一般的体质特征.

This research is to explore the difference of physique characteristics between Li and Kazak students,which can provides the rational theory of the reform of physical education in minority areas of china.After statistical analysis,the height,weight and lung capacity of Li students are significantly lower than Kazak students （P 〈0.01）,the Quetelet index of Li students are also significantly lower than Kazak sthdents （P 〈0.01 ）,and there is no significant difference of the Lung capacity/weight index between Li and Kazak students （P 〉0.05 ）.Secondly,there is no significant difference of long jump between Li and Kazak male students,the long jump of Li female students is significantly higher than Kazak female students （P 〈 0.01 ）.At last,body anteflexion in sitting position and Step test index of Li students are significantly higher than Kazak sthdents （P 〈0.01）,so this study shows that the body form of Li college students present a relatively thin,strong endurance and good at flexion,extension and jumping.Kazak students present a relatively higher and weighter body form,but own weak endurance,body quality of flexible flexion degree,and jumping capability.