中国矿区生态补偿资金来源机制和对策探讨

Ecological Compensation Fund Source Mechanism in Mining Area of China and Countermeasures

矿区生态补偿机制是解决矿山生态环境问题、实现矿产资源有效利用的重要政策工具,结合各地实际情况,因地制宜选择合适的矿区生态补偿模式对于在全国范围切实开展矿区生态补偿实践具有重要意义。在分析我国矿产资源生态补偿资金来源重要性的基础上,指出了我国在此方面存在的问题,这些问题主要有补偿资金匮乏、资金来源结构不合理、资金往来主体不明确、资金收取标准不统一等,建议应明确界定生态补偿的主体、建立科学的补偿标准、采取政府补偿与市场补偿相结合的补偿方式,通过形式多样的不同方法广泛筹集资金,完善立法,为加强矿区生态补偿工作提供强有力的法律保障。矿产资源生态补偿是一件利在当代、功在千秋的伟大工程,为了做好这件工作,必须正视矿产资源生态补偿资金不足的现实困境。为改变这一局面,必须想方设法、多方筹集补偿资金,以将矿产资源生态补偿顺利开展下去,取得理想效果。

Mineral Ecological Compensation Mechanism （ MECM） is an important policy tool to resolve eco-environmental problems and realize effective utilization of Mineral resources. Selecting proper MECM pattern in terms of local conditions and combining it with mine area situation are of great significance to popularize MECM in the whole country. Based on this background, this paper first reviewed the importance of Ecological Compensation Funds Source Mechanism,and pointed out the problems in China, including the lack of compensation funds, the irrational structure of compensation funds source,unclear definition for eco-compensation subject,and unified standard for charge compensation funds, etc. Furthermore, the paper put forward some measures that a relatively clear and uniform definition for eco-compensation should be established. scientific compensation standards should be settled and more sources of finance for these schemes should be developed. Perfecting legal system can provide better guarantee to promote the institutionalization of mineral ecological compensation. Mineral Ecological Compensation is a great project whose benefit will be utilized at present and the credit should be leave for the future generation, to finish this work well, we should face up to the reality that the Funds for Mineral Ecological Compensation are in short supply. To change this picture, we should do our best and try every possible means to raise the Compensation Funds in multiple ways,so as to make sure that the Mineral Ecological Compensation work progresses smoothly and get the desired effect.