中国农业面源污染防治政策体系评估

Preliminary evaluation on the policies for control of nonpoint pollution from agriculture in China

采用环境政策分析的一般模式,从政策目标、政策框架、管理手段、管理体制与机制等方面对中国现有的农业面源污染防治政策展开评估,提出政策改进的建议。结果显示,虽然目前农业面源污染防治政策体系正在逐步健全,但仍未建立起从目标、管理方案、实施计划到政策评估的系统性农业面源污染防治框架;现有政策在确定性和经济效率方面均显不足,对农业源排放的总量控制目标设定过于粗糙,缺乏充分的监测作为支撑,且没有配合推动系统实施的管理实践来保证目标实现;农业面源污染防治的基础信息严重匮乏,资金供给难以满足需求。建议建立流域农业面源污染控制规划制度,完善农业面源污染防治的政策框架和信息机制,加大农业面源污染防治投入力度。

Policies for the control of nonpoint pollution from agriculture in China were analyzed m this paper using the general mode which including analysis of policy objectives, framework, instruments, institutions and imple- mentation mechanism. Results showed that though the system of policies was gradually improved,a systemic frame- work of policies including objectives, solutions, implementation plan and policy evaluation had not been established. Existing policies were inadequate in terms of certainty and economic efficiency. The objectives of total agricultural source emission control were too rough and lack the support of sufficient monitoring, systematic management practices that could promote the achievement of objectives were absent. Basic information for the control of nonpoint pollution from agriculture was scanty, the supply of funds was difficult to meet the demand. Watershed agricultural nonpoint pollution control planning system and policy evaluation mechanism were suggested to be established, framework and the information mechanism of policies for the control of nonpoint pollution from agriculture should be improved,and relevant investment should be increased.