大豆竞争替代紫茎泽兰的种植模式研究

Competitive effects between Ageratina adenophora and Giycine max

为明确大豆与紫茎泽兰的种间竞争关系,探索紫茎泽兰替代控制的途径和策略,采用田间试验方法,研究土壤翻耕方式、紫茎泽兰的割除方式和大豆的种植密度等栽培方法对大豆和紫茎泽兰的竞争效应的影响,定量分析两者的株高和密度、对光照和水肥的竞争能力以及大豆的产量。结果表明：不翻耕、在紫茎泽兰空隙间点播大豆的处理区,紫茎泽兰为优势种群,大豆的生长和产量受到明显抑制。不翻耕、刈割紫茎泽兰后点播大豆的处理区,大豆为优势种群,对光照的竞争能力强,紫茎泽兰的发生密度和株高被显著抑制,对水肥的吸收显著降低,且随着大豆种植密度的增加,大豆产量显著增加,从2 113.66kg/hm^2增加至2 885.62kg/hm^2。旋耕处理区,紫茎泽兰的防除效果达到了100%,大豆的产量达到3828.02-4 007.87kg/hm^2。通过合理的栽培措施,大豆的竞争优势很强,可以有效替代紫茎泽兰,且产生较高的经济效益。

This experiment was to investigate the inter- specific competitive interaction between Ageratina adenophora and Glycine max and to explore the methods of controlling the invasive weed A. adenophora displaced by G. max. In the field,soil tillage methods,cutting ways for A. adenophora and different density of G. max were considered. Plant height,density,competitiveness for light,nutrition and water of A. adenophora and G. max,and yield of G. max were investigated to evaluate the competition effects between A. adenophora and G. max. The results showed that A. adenophora was the dominant population and the growth and yield of G. max was inhibited when G.max seeds were sown between the plant gaps of A. adenophorum without tillage. G. max became the dominant species companioned with a significant competitive advantage of light usage when G. max seeds were sown after cutting A. adenophorum without tillage. The growth and yield of A. adenophorum were inhibited,and the absorbed nutrition and water were significantly reduced. With the increase of plant density of G. max,its yield increased significantly from 2 113. 66 kg / hm^2 to 2 885. 62 kg / hm2. The invasive weed A. adenophora was displaced completely by G. max within rotary tillage treatment and the yield of G. max reached 3 828. 02- 4 007. 87 kg / hm^2. Through the suitable cultivation measures,the competitive advantage of G. max is very strong,and it can effectively replace A. adenophora,resulting in greater economic benefit.