农民合作社与农业现代化——基于黑龙江仁发合作社个案研究

Farmer cooperative and agricultural modernization: A case study of Renfa cooperative in Heilongjiang Province

为了探讨农民合作社在农业现代化建设中的具体作用,本文采用个案研究法,对黑龙江省克山县仁发农机合作社的成长历程、经营效果、成功经验和存在问题进行了分析。研究发现,农民合作社不仅能够提高土地经营规模和效益、提升农业机械化水平,还可以改善农田水利设施状况、完善区域农业服务体系。仁发合作社的经验表明,合理运用资金、人才和科技等资源要素是合作社发展的基本前提,规范的管理制度和合理的分配方式有助于提高合作社的市场竞争力。不过,仁发合作社发展仍然存在精英依赖严重、收入来源单一、持续增收能力不强和品牌化建设滞后等问题。通过进一步提升规范化程度和组织经营能力,农民合作社可以为农业现代化做出更多贡献。

To analyze the specific role of farmer cooperatives in agricultural modernization of China, this paper investigates the developing process, operation effect, successful experiences and existing problems of Renfa cooperative in Keshan County in Heilongjiang Province through case study. The study finds that farmer cooperatives promote scale operation and productiveness of the land, enhance the level of agricultural mechanization, and improve farmland water conservancy facilities and the new agricultural social service system. The success of Renfa cooperative shows： the reasonable use of resources such as capital, talents and technology is crucial for the cooperative development; regulatory management system and appropriate allocation institution are conducive to the stronger market competitiveness. However, there are still some problems impeding the cooperative＇s further development, which includes the over dependence on elite members＇ personal power, the singularity of organizational income sources, the deficiency of sustained income increasing capability and the ignorance of brand construction. This research indicates that cooperatives will make more contribution to agricultural modernization after further improvement of the standardization and the management ability.