脾动脉阻断联合射频消融术治疗脾功能亢进的疗效观察

Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of spleen together with splenic artery balloon block for the treatment of hypersplenism: observation of clinical effect

目的总结脾动脉球囊阻断联合脾脏射频消融术（RFA）治疗肝硬化门静脉高压型脾功能亢进的有效性及经验。方法在脾动脉球囊阻断状态下对15例脾功能亢进患者行经皮穿刺脾脏RFA,RFA平均时间为（46.4±5.4）min。术后3 d、1周、1个月、3个月和6个月监测血常规,术后1个月复查腹部CTA。结果 1例患者术后出现左侧大量血性胸腔积液,给予止血及胸腔积液引流后好转,其余患者未发生严重并发症。RFA后1个月行腹部CTA检查示RFA毁损范围占脾脏总体积的比率为34.3%~71.8%,平均（56.20±13.09）%。术前血细胞计数示：白细胞为（3.88±1.75）×109/L,红细胞（4.06±0.37）×1012/L,血小板（48.14±11.33）×109/L。RFA术后1个月复查示：白细胞（5.62±1.61）×109/L,血小板（132.29±33.20）×109/L;与术前相比,血小板和白细胞显著升高（P〈0.05）。结论脾动脉球囊阻断联合RFA治疗肝硬化门静脉高压型脾功能亢进具有较高的安全性,且近期疗效可靠。

Objective To investigate the clinical effect and to summarize the experience of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation （RFA） of spleen together with splenic artery balloon block in treating hypersplenism due to cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Methods Under the situation of splenic artery occlusion with balloon, RFA of the spleen was performed in 15 patients with hypersplenism caused by cirrhosis and portal hypertension. The mean duration of RFA was （46.4±5.4） min. Routine blood tests were conducted at 3 days, one week, one, 3 and 6 months after the treatment, and abdominal CT angiography was performed one month after RFA. The results were analyzed. Results One patient developed massive bloody pleural effusion at left thorax three days after RFA, which was improved after hemostasis and thoracic drainage. No severe complications occurred in other patients. Abdominal CT angiography performed one month after RFA showed that the ablated extent by RFA was accounted for about 34.3%-71.8% proportion of the spleen, with a mean of （56.20 ±13.09）%. Preoperative blood tests indicated that the count of white blood cells, red blood corpuscles and blood platelets was （3.88±1.75）×109/L, （4.06±0.37） × 1012/L and （48.14± 11.33）×109/L, respectively. One month after RFA the count of white blood cells and blood platelets increased to （5.62±1.61） ×109/L and （132.29±33.20） ×109/L respectively. When compared with the preoperative data, the differences in the count of white blood cells and blood platelets were statistically significant （P〈0.05）. Conclusion For the treatment of hypersplenism due to cirrhosis and portal hypertension, percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of spleen together with splenic artery balloon block is quite safe and this technique has satisfactory short-term effect.