食管良性狭窄药物镁合金可降解支架研究现状及展望

The application of drug-eluting biodegradable magnesium alloy stent in treating esophageal benign stricture:current research status and prospect

支架在食管良性狭窄的治疗中发挥着越来越重要的作用。临床应用的支架主要为金属支架,可分为永久性支架和暂时性可回收支架。永久性金属支架长期植入易引起炎性增生、支架内再狭窄、穿孔、出血等并发症,暂时性可回收金属支架植入后1周内需取出,以避免食管瘢痕修复及支架内组织增生导致其取出困难、远期食管再狭窄复发率高。药物洗脱支架在心血管系统疾病的治疗中已处于临床使用阶段,消化道药物洗脱支架目前处于研制及动物实验阶段;镁合金可降解支架已经在心血管系统广泛应用。随着生物工程材料的发展,药物镁合金可降解支架已成为食管支架研究的热点和前沿。本文对药物镁合金可降解支架研发的现状和展望进行全面详细阐述,重点介绍支架工艺:支架成型,覆膜改性,载药处理。

Stent implantation plays a more and more important role in the treatment of benign esophageal stenosis. Metal stents are most commonly used in the clinical practice, which can be classified into permanent stents and temporary retrieval stents. Permanent implantation of metal stents is easy to cause complications such as inflammatory hyperplasia, in-stent restenosis, perforation, bleeding, etc. Temporary retrieval stents should be removed with one week after it is implanted in order to avoid esophageal scar tissue repair and in-stent tissue hyperplasia, which can cause difficulty in its removing and produce higher recurrence rate of esophageal restenosis. Clinically, drug-eluting stents have already been used in cardiovascular system procedures, but at present the gastrointestinal drug-eluting stents are still in development and animal experiment stage. Biodegradable magnesium alloy stents have been widely employed in cardiovascular system procedures. With the rapid development of biological engineering materials, drug-eluting magnesium alloy stent has become a hot spot and the frontier in research field. This paper aims to make a comprehensive review about the current research status and prospect of the drug-eluting magnesium alloy stents, focusing on the stent technology, stent molding, coating modification, and the treatment of drug-eluting.