环境规制对中国企业生产率分布的影响研究

The Effects of Environmental Rules and Regulations on Chinese Enterprises' Productivity Distribution

本文以1999-2007年中国制造业企业数据为样本,在分析环境规制对企业生产率分布影响机理的基础上,采用生产率分解法测算生产率离散度,并实证检验了环境规制与生产率分布之间的关系。结果表明,环境规制显著降低了生产率离散程度。基于工具变量法的估计结果仍然稳健。通过区分行业污染强度、地区经济发展水平以及企业所有权属性差异的估计结果表明,环境规制有效降低了重度污染行业和中度污染行业的生产率离散度,但对轻度污染行业生产率分布具有相反作用;无论是东部发达地区还是中西部欠发达地区,提高环境规制水平都有益于改善生产率分散化现象;相比于国有企业和外资企业,环境规制更有助于降低民营企业的生产率离散程度。运用反事实模拟分析的结果说明,环境规制对生产率离散度的影响不仅在统计上是显著的,还具有明显的经济显著性。因此,适度提高环境规制强度,不仅有利于环境保护,而且能够改善生产率分散状态,促进生态环境与经济环境的良性循环。

This paper takes the data on Chinese manufacturing enterprises from 1999 to 2007 as a sample,analyzes the mechanism of the effects of the rules and regulations on enterprises' productivity distribution,measures production dispersion by using productivity decomposition method and tests the effects of rules and regulation on productivity distribution. The research results finds that the rules and regulations on environment can significantly affect production distribution and raising the strength of the rules and regulations on environment can reduce production dispersion. The estimate results based on instrumental variable method are still robust. The estimate results got by distinguishing the difference in industrial pollution strength,regional economic development levels and the nature of enterprises' ownership prove that the rules and regulations on environment have efficiently reduced the production dispersion of heavily polluted and moderately polluted industries.But they play an inverse role in the productivity of slightly polluted industries; whether in the developed east region or in the underdeveloped middle and west region,raising the level of rules and regulations on environment is beneficial for improving productivity diversification phenomenon; in comparison with state-owned enterprises and foreign funded enterprises,the rules and regulations on environment can reduce the productivity dispersion of private enterprises more efficiently. The results of counterfactual simulation analysis show that the effects of the rules and regulations on environment are not only significant statistically,but also have obvious economic significance. Therefore,raising the strength of the rules and regulations on environment moderately can not only protect environment,but also can improve productivity dispersion state and promote the virtuous cycle of ecological environment and economic environment.