养老金制度模式选择论——兼论名义账户改革在中国的不可行性

Theory on Choosing Pension Model——Why the NDC Model is not Suitable for China

养老金制度模式是体现代际关系的财务机制与体现风险承担主体的给付方式之间的搭配组合。养老金模式的选择受到经济社会环境、国际因素、相关利益群体需求以及制度内在财务可持续性的综合影响。在当前我国的养老金改革的背景下,名义账户制在设计上的激励性难以为参保者所接受,预期效果无法实现。不仅如此,名义账户制度还丧失了养老金的收入再分配功能,无法应对长寿风险,也不利于社会团结互助,不是当前中国养老金制度改革的合适方案。

The funding model,which illustrates over-generation relationship,and the Benefit Calcula-tion,which determines the income redistribution and risk sharing structure,should be decided in public pension model decision.This process will be affected by the socio-economic environment, foreign and international factors,the interests of related social groups and the sustainability of pension scheme.As far as the environment in China is concerned,the encouragement effect of NDC is hard to be accepted by the contributor.Further,NDC will have no effect on income redistribution and social solidarity,and may even lead to old-age poverty.Therefore,it is not the suitable option for China.