那他霉素复配防霉剂对储藏小麦真菌多样性和品质影响

Influence of Natamycin Compound Mildew Preventive on Fungal Diversity and Quality of Stored Wheat

为寻求一种高效优质的储粮真菌复配防霉剂,以降低真菌霉变对小麦造成的巨大损失,用山梨酸钾、仲丁胺与那他霉素组成不同比例的复配防霉剂处理小麦,经30℃、相对湿度75%条件下贮藏35 d,检测真菌复配防霉剂与小麦中的真菌总数、真菌类群及其小麦品质相关性。研究表明:与对照组相比,那他霉素、那他霉素和山梨酸钾复配物、那他霉素和仲丁胺复配物、山梨酸钾和仲丁胺复配物、那他霉素、山梨酸钾和仲丁胺三者复配物对小麦中真菌总数的抑制效率依次提高10、1 801、17、22、18倍,复配防霉剂要优于那他霉素单独使用的抑菌剂效果,那他霉素和山梨酸钾复配物对小麦中的曲霉、青霉的抑制率分别为9 423和7倍,确定了真菌复配防霉剂的最佳组合为每千克小麦0.015 g那他霉素和1 g山梨酸钾。在储藏期间对小麦品质进行分析评价,5个抑菌组合处理过的小麦脂肪酸含量分别降低了51.3、65.3、40.1、46.6、51.6 mg KOH/100 g干基;真菌复配防霉剂处理也提高了小麦的黏度指标。相关性分析表明:黏度指标中的峰值黏度、最低黏度、最终黏度和回生值均与小麦真菌总数、曲霉总数、青霉总数呈现明显正相关性,各个复配处理的脂肪酸值与真菌菌相呈现显著相关性(P<0.05)。

In order to reduce the massive loss on the wheat caused by fungi and mildew, an efficient quality of compound antifungal agents was studied. The wheat was deah with different proportions of compound antifungal agents, consisting of potassium sorbate, sec -Butylamine and natamycin at 30 ℃ and 75% RH stored for 35 d. Then the effect of compound antifungal agent to the quantity and construction of fungus communities, and quality of wheat was evaluated. The result showed that the inhibition efficiency of the Natamycin, the compound of Natamycin and potassium sorbate, the compound of Natamycin and sec - Butylamine, the compound of potassium sorbate and sec - Butylamine, the compound of Natamycin, potassium sorbate and sec - Butylamine to fungus colonies were increased by 10,1 801,17,22,18 times compared with the control group. It suggested that the inhibition efficiency of compound antifungal agents was better than Natamycin. The inhibition efficiency to aspergillus and mould of combination of Natamycin and potassium sorbate increased 9 423 and 7 times than control group. The optional combination is 0. 015 g of natamycin and 1 g potassium sorbate per lkg of wheat. The fatty acids dropped 51.3, 65.3, 40.1, 46.6 and 51.6 mg KOH/100 g dry basis after disposing of five compound antifungal agents in turn. The compound antifungal aspergillus and mould. Meanwhile, the fatty acid values which were dealt by the compound were significantly positively correlated with fungus microflora （ P 〈 0.05 ）.