贵州省典型喀斯特地区地表水系结构特征研究

Structure Characteristics of Surface Water System in Karst Area of Guizhou Province

喀斯特地区地质、地形、地貌的特殊性,导致发育形成的流域水系具有自己的典型特点。为了探讨喀斯特地区地表水系特征,以贵州省息烽县典型喀斯特地区作为研究对象,运用GIS技术与地貌侵蚀循环理论,研究了贵州喀斯特地区的地表水系结构特征。研究结果表明:从水系形态上看,该地区在负地形部位发育了相当数量的星状水系;从整个水系网的特征上看,该区发育的地表水系中低级水道数目较高级水道多,且水道平均长度较短,有大量低级地表水系向下发展汇入地下水系,其中一至四级水道均有部分水道汇入地下,形成地下水系。

The developed and formed basin water system caused by the particularity of geology,topography and geomorphology of karst region has its own typical characteristics. In order to approach the characteristics of surface water system in karst region,the paper studied the characteristics of surface water system of karst region in Guizhou by taking typical karst region in Xifeng County of Guizhou Province as an object of study and using GIS technology and landform erosion cycle theory. The outcomes show that a) viewing from the morphology of water system,the region has developed a considerable number of star-like water system in the negative landform and; b) viewing from the characteristics of the whole water system network,the number of medium and low-level waterways of surface water system developed in the region is more than that of the higher waterways. The average length of those waterways is shorter. There are a lot of low-level surface water systems developed downward and afflux into groundwater system,of which,part of water of waterways from class 1 to class 4 has flowed into underground waterways and formed groundwater system.