硝酸钾生产工艺概述及复分解法存在的问题与对策

Summary of production process of potassium nitrate and existing problems and solutions in complex decomposition cycle method

概述了国内外生产硝酸钾的4种主要工艺方法:硝酸钠与氯化钾转化法、硝酸铵与氯化钾离子交换法、硝酸与氯化钾溶剂萃取法和硝酸铵与氯化钾复分解循环法,并比较了这4种不同生产工艺方法的特点。其中硝酸铵与氯化钾复分解循环法是中国生产硝酸钾主要采用的工艺方法,重点介绍了该工艺存在的一些主要问题,如硝酸钾分离效果差,硝酸钾冷却结晶率低,结晶器换热面结垢严重,除杂效果不理想等,并提出了相应的建议与改进措施。

The four main production technologies, including conversion method of sodium nitrate and potassium chloride, ion exchange method of ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride ,solvent extraction method of nitric acid and potassium chloride, and complex decomposition cycle method of ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride, of potassium nitrate both in China and abroad were summarized.The characteristics of these four different production technologies were compared.In the four kinds of production technologies ,complex decomposition cycle method of ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride is the main production technology for potassium nitrate in China.Some major existing problems, such as poor separation effect of potassium nitrate,bad cooling crystallization effect of potassium nitrate,serious scaling of heat exchange surface of crystallizer,and bad purification,in this production technology were introduced emphatically.Furthermore,advices and measures for improving these problems were put forward.