旅游地乡村社区居民利益诉求归类与差异化表达——以广东南昆山核心景区为例

Research on the Classification and Differentiated Expression of Community Resident Interests in Tourist Areas: The Case of Nankunshan Scenic Area,Guangdong Province

关注旅游地居民这一利益主体的诉求,重视他们的利益,有利于消除他们与其他利益相关者的潜在冲突,实现旅游地可持续发展。采用深度访谈、问卷调查的方法对南昆山乡村社区居民的利益诉求进行研究。因子分析表明,居民的利益诉求可归为4个因子,由强到弱依次是保障经济利益、优化民主管理机制、维护提升景区环境、塑造良好旅游文化氛围。基于各社会人口统计学特征,用单因素方差分析方法分析了居民利益诉求的差异,并进一步发掘差异背后的深层问题。深度访谈反映居民对部分利益要求有更为具体而复杂的表达,居民要求程度低的利益,并非都得到了较好满足。研究还将弱权利意识型古村落社区"应以心理增权优先"的理论推广到生态旅游地乡村社区。基于以上分析,最后从规范研究的角度对高效和谐解决旅游发展中的社区居民利益问题,实现有序开发与可持续发展提出了建议。

During the process of tourism development, the interests of local communities are often neglected. Some of them are even excluded or isolated, and seldom benefit from tourism development. Concerns of the demands of tourist area residents, and paying attention to their interests will help eliminate potential conflicts with other stakeholders. Increased harmony will help to achieve sustainable development in tourist areas. This paper employs both qualitative and quantitative methods. Based on a questionnaire and in-depth interviews, comparing the results of a statistical analysis with indepth interviews, interest demands of rural community residents in Nankunshan are classified and their extent are compared. Further, this paper analyzes differences in demands of residents with various demographic characteristics, and sheds light on the expression of residents＇ interests and their underlying cause. The factor analysis shows that interest demands of the residents include protecting economic interests, optimizing the administrative mechanisms of democratic management, improving the grade of the scenic environment, and creating a good cultural atmosphere, and their degree of strength decreases successively. Based on demographic characteristics, One-Way ANOVA is used to analyze the differences in residents＇ expressions of interest, and the deeper meaning behind such differences is probed. Residents seeking spiritual and cultural interests are weaker than those seeking material interests. This corresponds to the common idea that interest demands evolve from only material interests to spiritual and cultural interests as well as from immediate interests to long-term interests. In-depth interviews on residents reflect that there are some more specific and complex expressions on certain interests. Income level significantly affects the degree of expression of residents＇ interest demands, and this is probably a common phenomenon in China＇ s tourism community. Not all residents＇ interest demands at a relatively low level are better satisfied. This research also extends the scope of application of the theory, that ＂psychological empowerment should be a priority for weak- right awareness-type village communities＂, to rural communities in eco-tourism destinations. In the end, some suggestions are also proposed from the perspective of normative research in order to solve problems of the residents interests effectively during the development of tourism and achieve an orderly and equitable form of sustainable development.