护理管理模式预防精神病患者感染性腹泻的有效性探究

Effectiveness of nursing management mode in prevention of infectious diarrhea in psychiatric patients

目的探讨护理管理模式改善精神病患者感染性腹泻的有效性,以降低其发生率。方法选择2013年1月-2014年1月收治的7 300精神病患者,其中2013年1-6月为护理干预前,根据上报医院感染及出院病历资料,对感染性腹泻患者粪便进行细菌学检测,并于2013年6月开始对住院患者进行护理干预,数据采用SPSS15.0软件进行统计分析。结果护理干预前发生医院感染性腹泻患者有120例发生率1.64%,护理干预后(2013年7月-2014年1月)发生医院感染性腹泻患者有64例发生率0.88%;与神经症/癔症/应激相关障碍等相比,与精神分裂症、情感性精神障碍、器质性精神障碍的感染率对比后,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在120例医院感染性腹泻患者中,88例患者具有不洁食物史、发热、恶心、呕吐、腹泻,12例患者伴随肠胀气、肠麻痹、肠梗阻、水与电解质紊乱,20例患者在1年内腹泻>5次;与护理干预前医院感染性腹泻发生率1.64%相比,护理干预后医院感染性腹泻发生率为0.88%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论精神病患者感染性腹泻发生率虽然较高,但采取合理护理干预后,可显著降低感染性腹泻的发生率。

OBJECTIVE To explore the effectiveness of nursing management mode in improvement of infectious di‐arrhea in the psychiatric patients so as to reduce the incidence rate .METHODS A total of 7 300 psychiatric patients who were treated in the hospital from Jan 2013 to Jan 2014 were enrolled in the study ,the time period from Jan to Jun 2013 was before the nursing intervention ,then the bacteriological test was performed for the stool samples of the patients with infectious diarrhea according to the reported data of nosocomial infections and the data of dis‐charged cases;the nursing interventions were taken for the hospitalized patients since Jun 2013 ,and the statistical analysis was performed with the use of SPSS15 .0 software .RESULTS The infectious diarrhea occurred in 120 cases before the nursing interventions were taken ,with the incidence rate of 1 .64% ,while the infectious diarrhea oc‐curred in 64 cases after the nursing interventions were taken （from Jul 2013 to Jan 2014） ,with the incidence rate of 0 .88% ;as compared with the incidence rates of infections in the patients with neurosis ,hysteria ,stress‐related disorders ,schizophrenia ,affective disorder ,and organic mental disorder ,the differences were statistically signifi‐cant （P〈0 .05） .Of the 120 patients with infectious diarrhea ,88 had the history of dirty food ,fever ,nausea , vomiting ,and diarrhea;12 patients were complicated with flatulence ,paralytic ileus ,intestinal obstruction ,water and electrolyte disorders ;20 patients had diarrhea more than five times a year .The incidence rate of the infectious diarrhea was 1 .64% before the nursing interventions were taken ,significantly higher than 0 .88% after the nurs‐ing interventions were taken（P〈0 .05） .CONCLUSION The incidence rate of infectious diarrhea is high in the psy‐chiatric patients ,and it is necessary to take appropriate nursing interventions so as to reduce the incidence rate of the infectious diarrhea .