丝绸之路经济带与中国的中亚政策

The Silk Road Economic Belt and China's Central Asia Policies

中亚五国地处欧亚大陆的核心腹地,是丝绸之路经济带的陆上要冲,是连接东西向和南北向丝路的战略节点,既是中国的核心利益区之一,也是大国力量的激烈博弈区和各种政治势力的交叉辐射区;既是能源与资源的富集区,也是公认的全球经济的塌陷区、国际安全的动荡区和破碎区,同时又是多重地区机制的重叠区。在"一带一路"总体战略的规划下,中亚可望成为中国新国际主义原则实施的首要地区以及探索新大陆主义区域经济合作新模式的试验区、示范区和前期成果的展示区。目前,中亚国家对丝绸之路经济带心态复杂,喜忧参半,一方面在官方层面积极回应与对接,尤其是哈萨克斯坦和吉尔吉斯斯坦;另一方面,一些国家又担心对中国形成经济依赖,害怕中国将来会干涉中亚政治与安全事务。此外,俄、美等其他利益攸关方的中亚政策也会对丝绸之路经济带的顺利推进产生影响。缘此,中国既要在丝绸之路经济带建设中秉持奋发有为、积极塑造的方针,又要对中亚地区的内外挑战有充分的评估,并以多方合意的路径循序推进。

Located at the core area of the heartland of the Eurasian continent,the five countries of the Central Asia is the on-land pivot of the whole 'Silk Road Economic Belt'.They are playing the role of crucial strategic hub that connects the eastwest routes with the south-north routes of the Silk Road networks.Therefore,as a zone of intense gaming between big powers and a center crisscrossed by a variety of radiating political forces,these five countries shall be regarded as one of the key areas related to China's core national interests.One the one hand,they contain huge reserves of energy and mineral resources.On the other hand,they are widely recognized as the 'collapsed belt' of the global economy and the 'shattered land' and 'turbulent area' in the overall pattern of strategic security.Furthermore,they are the overlapping area of multilevel regional mechanisms.Under the general planning of the overall strategy of ' One Belt and One Road',it is expected that the Central Asia may become the first area in which the principles of China's new internationalism are implemented.It is also hoped that these five countries may become the pioneering and demonstrating area for the experiments of the new model of regional economic cooperation of the new continentalism,and the showcase area demonstrating the intermediate achievements of these new ideas.At present,the Central Asian countries take a complicated attitude which is mingled with hope and fear towards the Silk Road Economic Belt.On the one hand,they responded positively at the governmental level,especially Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan;on the other hand,some of the countries are worrying their possible economic dependence on China,fearing that China may in the future interfere in Central Asian political and security issues.In addition,the Central Asian policies of other stakeholders like the U.S.and Russia may disturb or even sabotage the construction process of the Silk Road Economic Belt.For this purpose,the Chinese side should not only stick with the principles of pressing on the target and active shaping in the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt,but also adequately assess the inside and outside challenges embedded in the Central Asia,while pursuing the target step by step with the consent of the majority.