山东省某农村地区小学生行为问题现况调查及影响因素研究

Investigation on behavioral problems and influencing factors among primary school students in rural areas of Shandong province

目的了解山东省某农村地区儿童行为问题的发生情况，并探讨其影响因素，为儿童行为问题的干预提供参考依据。方法采用方便样本，用长处与困难量表对山东省某农村地区909名5～13岁小学生家长进行不记名问卷调查，了解小学生行为问题。结果困难总分、情绪症状、品行问题、多动注意不能、同伴关系问题和社会行为异常检出率分别为12．0％、10．7％、10．6％、13．6％、46．5％、16．0％。多元线性回归结果显示：情感虐待、儿童学习成绩差、过度反应和敌意的亲职教育方式与困难总分呈正相关，积极亲子互动与困难总分呈负相关；积极亲子互动与良好社会行为得分呈正相关，家长支持体罚态度得分与良好社会行为得分呈负相关。结论儿童行为问题的发生率较高，应当加强改善父母的教育方式，降低儿童虐待事件的发生，将学习成绩差的学生纳为重点干预对象。

Objectives To investigate the incidence of child behavioral problems in primary School in the rural area of Shandong province,to explore the influencing factors,and to provide evidence for the prevention and intervention measures. Methods Anonymous self-administered questionnaires were used to investigate parents who were recruited by accidental sampling method. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire （SDQ） was mainly used to investigate child＇s behavioral problem. Results The prevalence of difficulty problems was 12.0% and the incidence of emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer problems, pro-social was 10.7 %, 10.6 %, 13.6 %, 46.5 %, 16.0 %, respectively. The results of multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the experiences of mental maltreatment of the child, the over-reactivity and hostility of parenting skills, and poor academic achievement were positively and parent-to-child interaction action was nega- tively with difficulty scores;Parent-to-child interaction action was protectively and parents who supported physical punish- ment was negatively with the scores of prosoeial behavior. Conclusions The rural area have higher incidence of child be- havioral problems, parents＂ parenting skills should be improved and the occurrence of child maltreatment should be reduced. More attention should be paid to the students who had poor academic achievement be reduce.