单杠飞行动作及其连接的发展趋势

The Development Trend of World Horizontal Flying Action and Connection

运用文献调研、观察、比较分析等方法,以新规则的变化为导向,对伦敦奥运周期的4次世界体操大赛和巴西奥运周期的第44、45届世界体操锦标赛单杠决赛前8名优秀运动员单杠飞行动作的类型、数量、难度及连接串进行考察统计分析,结果表明,1)在新、旧规则变化的背景下,单杠飞行动作的连接加分提倡以C组以上的飞行动作直接连接的发展趋势,动作完成质量要求更高,E分的判罚更严;2)"科瓦克斯类、马尔凯洛夫(D)、特卡切夫类、向前后空翻类(不越杠)以及盖洛德类"构成单杠飞行动作的发展趋势,其中,以D组及以上的"科瓦克斯类、特卡切夫类、D组马凯尔洛夫"为主流的飞行动作最具有竞争力,而"向前后空翻类(不越杠)和盖洛德类"的飞行动作运用较少,在未来可能会淡出比赛;3)"飞行类+飞行类"动作、"大回环类+飞行类"动作、"中穿类+飞行类"动作的连接模式为当今世界单杠飞行动作连接的发展主流,"短半径类+飞行类"动作、混合类动作的飞行连接将逐渐淡出;4)飞行动作及其连接模式逐渐趋向D组及以上的高难度动作连接,提高难度势必对动作完成质量造成影响,因此,其动作完成质量存在较大的提升空间。

By using the method of literature review, video observation and comparison, taking the change of new rules as the guidance, this paper makes statistical analysis on top 8 gym- nasts＇ bar flying action type, quantity, difficulty and connection string in the London Olympic cycle of the four world gymnastics competition and Brazil Olympic cycle 44 and 45th World Gymnastics Championship. The results showed that 1） In the background of old and new rules change, connection points of the flight element in horizontal bar advocate the development trend of direct connection to C group above flight action, action completed higher quality require- ments, E decision more strict ; 2） ＂ Kovacs, MarkeLovs （D）, Flip Tkatchevs, after class for- ward （not more bar） and Gaylords＂ maneuver constitute the development trend of the flight element in horizontal bar, of which D group and above ＂Kovacs , Sitka originally ＂ for the ma- instream flight movements are the most competitive,＂ forward and backward somersault class （not the level） and Gaylord class＂ maneuver with less ; 3 ） ＂ Flight ＋ Flight ＂, ＂ Swing ＋ Flight ＂,＂ Stoop ＋ Flight ＂mode of connection for when The mainstream of the development in today＇s world flight element in horizontal bar connection,＂ Short-radius ＋ Flight＂ and Mixed-Flight connection will gradually fade out; 4） flight elements and the connection mode tends gradually to D group and more difficult movements, so that the completion of the quality movement has room for improvement.