预测越野滑雪运动成绩生理学指标的实验研究

Experimental Study on Physiological Predictors Reflecting the Performance in Cross-country Skiing

采用文献资料调研、实验和数理分析等方法,通过跑台运动实验对反映越野滑雪运动成绩的生理学指标进行了研究,目的是探究跑台运动实验所测指标能否用于预测越野滑雪的比赛成绩,并试图筛选出能够更好地预测越野滑雪比赛成绩的生理指标。运用气体代谢测试法分别对无氧阈(AT)、矢代偿性代谢性酸中毒阈值(TDMA)、呼吸商(RQ)=1时运动强度和最大耗氧量(VO2max)进行了测量与计算,同时还测量了乳酸堆积拐点(OBLA)、最大心率百分比、VO2max百分比和不同单位下的耗氧量(VO2ml·kg-1·min-1、VO2ml·min-1·kg-2/3、VO2l·min-1)等参数指标,并利用皮尔逊相关系数和斯皮尔曼等级相关系数对数据进行了相关性分析。结果:OBLA指标与男子比赛成绩高度相关,RQ=1能更好地反映女子比赛成绩。关于VO2的测量,男子运动员最好运用l·min-1单位来预测比赛成绩,女子运动员可以运用l·min-1、ml·min-1·kg-2/3或ml·kg-1·min-1任何一种单位。研究结论:跑台运动实验所测的生理学指标可以应用于预测越野滑雪比赛成绩,且对于男、女运动员越野滑雪比赛成绩预测应该采用多种不同的参数指标来共同反映。

Literature review and mathematical analysis were used in this paper. A treadmill test was taken to study physiology indicators reflecting the performance of cross-country skiing, aimming to explore whether parameters measured by treadmill test can predict cross-country skiing performance or not, and trying to identify which indicators are better in predicting the cross country ski. Metabolic gas measurements were used to measure and calculate anaerobic threshold （AT）, threshold of decompensated metabolic acidosis （TDMA）, the exercise intensi- ty where respiratory exchange ratio（RQ） reaches 1 and the peak oxygen uptake（V02 peak） at the same time onset of the blood lactic acid accumulation （OBLA）, percentage of maximum heart rate , percentage of VO2 peak and oxygen uptake under different units （VO2 ml·kg-1· min-1 ,VO2 ml·min-1·kg-2/3 ,VO21 · min 2） and other parameters. Pearson correlation coefficient and the Spearman rank correlation coefficient were used for data analysis. Results ： OBI.A index is highly correlated with the male competition performance while RQ= 1 is a better reflection of female athletes performance. It＇s better for male using 1·min-1 unit to pre diet match results, while any of 1 · min-1 , ml·min 1 . kg 2/3 or ml · kg-1 ·min 1 units can be used for female athletes. Conclusions：Treadmill test can be used to predict the cross-coun- try skiing performance, and cross country skiing performance prediction for male and female athletes should use different parameters.