伦理、政治和体育家精神:19世纪英国体育精神的伦理释疑

Ethics,Politics and Sportsmanship:The Meaning of British Sportsmanship in the Nineteenth Century

选取19世纪英国体育精神为研究对象,通过分析体育精神数量的变迁,在语义上考察体育精神涵义的变化。英国体育精神的语义和内容的变化开始于19世纪中叶,体育精神从先前描述狩猎活动转向竞技运动项目,其结果是体育精神也从狩猎中表示技能和能力的词汇变成了表示竞技体育中的伦理和规范的词汇。体育精神伦理化体现了公平竞争,是在绅士阶层对他人群体所从事的竞技体育活动的批判态度中产生。与此同时,体育家精神从政治家精神的身份属性转向注重伦理和规范的一元化国民教育,这与19世纪英国政治选举的改革背景相一致。体育精神伦理化语义一元化的形成,其与近代奥林匹克运动会的兴起,以及体育教育之间的关系,应在后续研究中予以关注。

Taking the British sportsmanship in the nineteenth century as research object, by ana- lyzing the change in the number of sportsmanship, this paper analyzes the meaning of change of sportsmanship from the semantics. The change in semantics and content of British sportsman- ship began in the mid-19th century, from the description of hunting to sports, the result was that the meaning of sportsmanship was changed from hunting skills to athletic ability in ethics and norms. The ethical of sportsmanship reflected fairness. It was produced in the attitude that the gentry class critique on sports activities in others groups. Meanwhile, the attributes of sportsmanship has changed from statesmanship to national education, this process was consist- ent with the 19 th British political electoral reforms. In future study, it should be concerned about the process of sportsmanship unified relationship with the rise of the modern Olympic Games and physical education.