论北宋之后学界对“兴辞”的三大误解

On Academic Circle's Misunderstanding of Xing Ci in Three Aspects after the Northern Dynasty

对于"兴"的本义及其与"比"的差异,至北宋之时学者们已有圆满的解释,但是也同样是从北宋开始,学者们对"兴"的认识才产生了分歧。综观北宋之后学者们对于"兴"的误解,主要体现在以下三个方面:其一,援引情兴,以释比兴;其二,兴不取义,可兼赋比;其三,抹煞差别,执求统一。之所以会出现这样的情状,看不到"比""兴"同属譬喻,这显然是其中最主要的原因。由于把"兴辞"排除在了譬喻之外,这才迫使他们不得不背离汉唐旧说而另觅新释。

Scholars completely explained the literal meaning of ＂xing ci ＂and its differences from ＂bi ci ＂by the time of the Northern Dynasty, but it was also from the Northern Dynasty that the divergence of views arose for the interpretation of＂ xing ci ＂in academic circle. Taking an overall view of scholars＇ misunderstanding of ＂xing ei ＂, they mainly focused on three aspects as follows： citing ＂qing xing ＂ to explain ＂bi xing＂ ,using ＂xing ci＂ to introduce from elsewhere and regarding the ＂ xing ci ＂as ＂Fu ci＂ ,artificially diminishing the differences and pursuing the oneness. The main reasons for their misunderstandings were that most scholars did not know that both ＂bi ci ＂ and ＂xing ci ＂are metaphors. Because＂ xing ci ＂was not regarded as metaphor at that time,those scholars had to discard the old theories of the Han and Tang Dynasties and seek the new interpretation on ＂xing ei＂.