社区干预对高危儿早期智能发育的影响

Effects of early community interventions on mental development of high-risk infants

目的探讨早期社区干预对高危儿智力发育的影响。方法选择来西安桃园社区儿童保健门诊查体的月龄小于42天的高危儿作为研究对象,按照就诊顺序将其分为干预组(169例)和对照组(162例)。干预组定期进行监测随访,根据每次的评估结果制定不同的干预方案,同时指导家长在家庭中进行训练;对照组接受常规保健管理。在3、6、9、12个月时对两组儿童行肌张力和姿势异常的检查。在3、6、12个月时评定两组儿童智能发展状况。结果干预组儿童6、9、12个月时肌张力异常情况明显低于对照组,均有统计学意义(x^2值为7.10~9.69,均P<0.05)。干预组6、12个月时智力指数(MDI)得分和3、6、12个月运动指数(PDI)得分明显高于对照组(t值为3.29~5.13,均P<0.05)。结论社区干预可促进高危儿的智力发育,降低精神发育迟缓率。

Objective To investigate the effects of early community interventions on mental development of high-risk infants.Methods The high-risk infants younger than 42 days old and taking health care in Taoyuan community were selected as subjects, and they were divided into intervention group （n=169） and control group （n=162） by the turn of visiting.The intervention group was monitored and followed up regularly, and intervention programs were planed for them based on evaluation results.At the same time, their parents were taught to do early education for infants at home.The control group received routine health care management.The percentages of infants with abnormal muscle tension and posture were compared between two groups at the age of 3, 6, 9 and 12 months.Mental development was assessed at the age of 3, 6 and 12 months for two groups.Results The percentage of infants with abnormal muscle tension at the age of 6, 9 and 12 months was lower in the intervention group than in the control group, and the difference was significant （χ^2 =7.10-9.69,P〈0.05）.The scores of MDI at the age of 6 and 12 months and the scores of PDI at the age of 3, 6 and 12 months in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group （t=3.29-5.13,P〈0.05）.Conclusion Early community intervention for high-risk infants can promote their mental development and reduce the rate of mental retardation.