口供排除规则的范围界定:一种基于法解释学的阐释

The Scope of the Illegal Confession Exclusionary Rule:An Method Based on Law Hermeneutics

从实然角度分析口供排除规则,基于立法的历史背景、条文之间的体系关联和条文用语习惯的考量,中国非法口供排除规则的范围不包括采取威胁、引诱和欺骗等非法方法获取的口供。依"两高"司法解释,"在肉体上或者精神上遭受剧烈疼痛或者痛苦"是判断非法口供的核心要件。侦查机关在规定的办案场所外讯问或未对讯问过程依法进行录音录像获取的口供,法律推定其为非法口供,但公诉方可通过举证推翻该推定。最后,在理解和适用口供排除规则时,应当正确理解和区分口供排除规则与不得作为定案根据的情形,并且在判断非法口供时应当与占主流的社会伦理和正义观念相契合,不得对其作限缩解释。

Based on system considerations, the illegal confession exclusionary rule does not cover the confessions taken by threat, en- ticement, deception and other illegal methods. According to the judicial interpretation, physical or mental severe painis the core element of judging illegal confessions. The confessions got byinvestigating authorities in the illegal place or without legal video are seen to be illegalexclusionary ones. Finally, when we understand and apply the illegal confession exclusionary rule, confessions should be correctly understood anddistinguishedfrom the situation not as a decision basis, and the judgment should fitsocial ethics and justice, not make narrow explanation.