从“政治解放”概念看马克思与布鲁诺·鲍威尔哲学思想的关联

Theoretical Relationship of Marx and Bruno Bauer from the Viewpoint of "Political Emancipation"

马克思关于"政治解放"概念的分析,对于理解马克思哲学所追求的"人的解放"的理论主题具有十分重要的意义。在马克思之前,关于犹太人的解放问题,布鲁诺·鲍威尔给出了"政治解放"的解答。马克思批判地考察了"政治解放"这一概念,并对"政治解放"与"人的解放"进行了区分,提出了"人的解放"的理论主题。另一方面,对"政治解放"概念的批判性考察是马克思与布鲁诺·鲍威尔哲学思想分歧的公开表达,是马克思与布鲁诺·鲍威尔哲学思想的界分,由此马克思开始逐步对自己的唯心主义思想进行清算,最终实现了其哲学立场由思辨唯心主义向历史唯物主义的转变。

Marx interpretation of ＂political liberation＂ has a very important significance for us to understand the theoretical topics of ＂human liberation＂ for which Marxist philosophy pursues. Bruno Bauer gave the answer of the ＂political emancipation＂ to the question of Jewish emancipation before Marx. Marx critically inspected the concept of ＂political emancipation＂ and made a distinction between ＂ political emancipation＂ and ＂human liberation＂. He proposed ＂human liberation＂ as the topic of his theory. On the other hand, the critical investigation of the concept of ＂ political emancipation＂ disclosed the ideological differences between Marx and Bruno Bauer, which became the boundary of their philosophy. And at the same time, it also reflected that Marx gradually had cleared his idealism thought, and then realized the shift from philosophical position of speculative idealism to historical materialism.