老年急性心肌梗死病人社会适应研究

Study on social adaptation of elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction

[目的]探讨老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)后的社会适应状况,为促进照护质量和健康结局奠定基础。[方法]采用质性与量性结合法,对18例符合标准的老年AMI病人于患病入院1周及出院1个月时各访谈1次,并以世界卫生组织残障评定量表Ⅱ评价其健康相关功能障碍或困难程度,对访谈笔录和障碍程度分别进行内容分析和统计分析。[结果]老年AMI急性期社会适应主要表现为社交适应、心理适应、学习适应、生活方式调整及遵医行为,出院后1个月与住院7d时相比,在生活活动、社区参与、四处走动及自我照顾方面的困难有差异(P<0.05)。[结论]老年AMI急性期面临复杂的社会生活适应挑战,亟需获得有针对性的支持以尽快适应疾患状态。

Objective. To deeply explore the status of social adaptation of elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction （AMI）, so as to lay the foundation for promoting the care quality and health outcomes. Methods： A total of 18 elderly AMI patients who met the standard received twice interviews respectively at a week after admission and a month later after discharge by using qualitative and quantitative combination method, then to evaluate their health related dysfunctional or difficulty degree by using the World Health Organization Disability Rating Scale 2.0. The content analysis and statistical analysis were respectively carried out for interview tran- scripts and obstacle degree. Results. The main manifestations of social adaptation of elderly patients with AMI in the acute stage included social adaptation, psychological adaptation, learning adaptation, lifestyle changes and medical compliance behaviors. Compared with that on 7th day,the difficulties were different in life activities, community involvement,walking around and self care at 1 month later after discharge （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： The elderly patients with AMI in the acute stage are faced with the challenges of adaption of the complex social life. They need to get the targeted support to adapt to the disease state as soon as possible.