3种养殖方式下刺参营养成分和功能成分的研究

Comparison of approximate and functional compositions in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus farmed in three patterns

对大连地区圈养、浅海和深海3种养殖方式下平均体质量分别为67.11、96.15、258.40 g刺参Apostichopus japonicus的营养成分(灰分、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、氨基酸、脂肪酸)、功能成分(多糖、胶原蛋白)进行比较分析。结果表明:圈养刺参的蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物含量最高,灰分含量最低;圈养刺参的多糖含量最高,且含有较高的氨基糖和糖醛酸,而深海刺参的胶原蛋白含量最高;3种养殖方式下,刺参的脂肪酸含量均以多不饱和脂肪酸为主,其中,深海刺参所含的多不饱和脂肪酸最高,尤其是EPA;3种养殖方式下,刺参的谷氨酸含量均最多,圈养刺参的必需氨基酸含量最高。研究表明,不同养殖方式下,刺参的营养成分和功能成分有明显差异,本研究结果可为生产者加工和消费者购买刺参提供参考。

The approximate （protein, ash, fat, carbohydrate, amino acids and fatty acids）, and functional compo- sitions （ polysaccharides, and collagen） were determined in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus with body weight of 67.11 g, 96.15 g and 258.40 g farmed in ponds, shallow coasts and deep coasts in Dalian, respectively. It was found that there were the maximal levels of protein, lipid, and carbohydrate and the minimal level of ash in the sea cucumber farmed in ponds. The maximal polysaccharide content, and higher amino saccharide and alduronic acid were observed in the sea cucumber farmed in ponds, with the maximal collagen content in the sea cucumber fanned in deep coast. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were found to be the predominant fatty acids in sea cucumber farmed in the three patterns, the maximal level of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially EPA, in the sea cucumber farmed in deep coast. There was the maximal glutamic acid content in the sea cucumber fanned in the three patterns, with the maximal level of essential amino acids in the sea cucumber farmed in ponds. The findings show that there are differ- ent approximate and functional compositions in the sea cucumber fanned in different patterns, which provides refer- ence to rational consumption and to reasonable price for producers and consumers.