情感、理性、阶层身份：多重机制下的集体行动参与--基于CGSS2006数据的实证研究

Emotion,Rational Choice,Class Identity:Multiple Mechanisms of the Participation of Collective Action Based on the Data of CGSS2006

本文在梳理国内外集体行动相关理论的基础上,提出了研究集体行动的三个视角:情感、理性与阶层。基于情感视角,本文选取了不公待遇与总体不满意程度等与情感能量密切相关的变量,理性视角主要讨论国家与网络的作用,阶层视角本文主要关注中产阶级与集体行动的关系。并运用CGSS2006数据对相关假设进行检验,展开理论对话。研究发现:(1)与情感视角有关的变量,如,不公平待遇和总体不满意程度,都对个体集体行动参与以及参与程度有着显著影响。(2)长期以来作为国家控制社会工具的单位制,受国企改革、事业单位改革的影响,其影响逐步弱化,无论是体制内单位,还是组织级别,都不能显著降低个体参与集体行动的概率;即便如此,政府力量依然显著影响个体对集体行动的参与,如果集体行动指向是针对国家(政府某项具体政策、某国家工作人员、政府),个体参与集体行动的概率会显著降低。另外,个体网络也对其是否参与集体行动、参与程度有显著影响。(3)作为中产阶级代表的业主阶层以及认同自己属于中产阶级的个体参与集体行动的概率更高,参与程度更深。

This article provides a critical examination and evaluation of the theories of collective action in the United States, Europe and China. Then, it proposes three broad perspectives as a starting point to understand collective action or group events： perspectives of class identity, emotional or rational choice. This paper selects the unfair treatment and overall dissatisfaction with emotional energy to stand for the emotional force, and focuses on the role of the government and of the social network to test the hypothesis of rational choice theory. We also focus on participation of middle class in collective action.Therefore, this paper employs a comprehensive program based on the data of CGSS2006 to verify how the emotional, rational, and class status influence individual participation in collective action. The study found： （1）Those variables related to the emotional perspective, including the unfair treatment experience, individual＇s dissatisfaction, have significant impact on his/her participation and involvement of collective action. （2）Danwei, used to be State-controlled social tool, its control is eroding because of the reform of state-owned enterprises and institutions. However, government forces still significantly affect the individual＇s participation. If actions are against the government （specific policy, government officer, the government）, the probability of an individual to participate in will be significantly lower. （3）Those who identify themselves as the middie class will participate in the collective action with a higher possibility and greater depth.