美国教师教育实习制度的专业化走向——历史维度的考察

Professional Direction of American Teacher Education Practice System:A Historical Perspective

美国师资培养机构经历了由最初的中等师范学校到独立的教师学院,进而过渡到综合大学教育学院的演变过程。在这一过程中,作为师资培养重要环节的教育实习制度也从自发走向自觉,专业化水平得以不断提升。20世纪80年代以来,在传统实习制度不断完善的基础上,美国教师教育领域出现了教师专业发展学校、城市教师驻校培养模式、临床实践型教师教育等新的实习模式,体现出更为强烈的专业化色彩。美国教师教育实习制度的专业化特征对我国教师教育改革的推进有极为现实的借鉴价值。

American teacher training institutions experienced an evolutionary process, with from the o- riginal secondary normal schools to independent teachers colleges, then to colleges of education in com- prehensive universities. In such process, the teaching practice system, as an important part of the teach- er training, has been improved its professional level. There have been some new practice modes such as Professional Development School, Urban Teacher Residency, and Clinical Practice of Teacher Education since 1980. These modes have a stronger professional feature. The professional characteristic of Ameri- can teacher education practice system has offered extremely realistic reference value for the advance of our country＇s teacher education reform.