美国联邦政府高等教育财政资助立法的历史发展与启示

The Historical Development and Enlightenment of the Financial Assistance Legislation for Higher Education in the U.S.Federal Government

财政资助并辅之以资助立法是美国联邦政府调控高等教育的主要方式。联邦政府每一重大财政政策的实施都伴有立法规范出台。在美国联邦高等教育财政资助发展史上,资助立法分别经历了肇始期、创建期、高峰期和延续加强期。每一时期的法律体制建设都定向和引领了联邦政府高等教育发展目标,对高等教育的发展起到了巨大的历史推动作用。当然,联邦立法对资金使用的限制性和强迫性也干扰了美国大学所珍重的自由与自治精神。同为中央政府,尽管体制不同,美国经验对我国创建和完善高等教育财政资助立法具有重要的历史借鉴价值。

The financial assistance and supplement by funding legislation are the main ways of regulating higher education by federal government. Each major federal financial policy is accompanied by legisla- tion. During the history of federal financial assistance to higher education, funding legislation has expe- rienced the stage of beginning, creation, peak and continuing to strengthen respectively. Each period of the legal system construction has led to the orientation and the goals for higher education of the federal government, and for the development of higher education which has played a huge role in promoting his- tory. And, of course, the restrictive and compulsive uses of federal legislation on money also interfere with the spirit of freedom and autonomy held by American universities. As the central government, al- though the system is different, the experience of financial assistance to create and improve the higher ed- ucation legislative construction has an important historical reference value in China.