肝癌影像成像技术诊断的研究进展

ADVANCES IN IMAGING TECHNOLOGY AND IMAGING DIAGNOSIS OF HCC

根据近年的临床实践指南,影像成像诊断技术取代病理检查在肝癌的诊断地位,成为肝癌诊断的首选方法。在临床上,超声、计算机断层扫描及其磁共振成像等影像成像技术被用来诊断慢性肝病和肝癌,并在灌注成像、弥散成像、弹性成像和造影剂等方面研究中取得一定进展。在病理变化上,影像成像主要通过血流动力学和分子运动的变化来鉴别肝脏病变的良性还是恶性。未来,医学影像的成像将会从生理、功能和基因等方面出发,结合新的成像技术,综合多种成像技术,进一步改善肝癌各个阶段的诊断。

According to recent clinical practice guidelines, imaging is largely replacing pathology as the preferred diagnostic method for determination of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）. In clinical practice, a variety of imaging modalities, including ultrasound （ US ）, computed tomography （ CT ）, magnetic resonance imaging（ MRI）, nuclear medicine, and angiography, are currently used to examine patients with chronic liver disease and suspected HCC. Advancements in imaging techniques such as perfusion imaging, diffusion imaging, and elastography along with the development of new contrast media will further improve the ability to detect and characterize HCC. On the pathological changes, mainly video imaging can identify benign or malignant liver lesions by changes in hemodynamics and molecular motion. In the future by developing and combining new imaging modalities, all phases of HCC patient care, including screening, diagnosis, treatment, and therapy, can be dramatically improved.