日军大屠杀前南京人口疏散检讨

Review of Population Evacuation in Nanjing before the 1937 Massacre

抗日战争爆发后,国民政府鉴于战争的发展,计划疏散南京城市人口。但实际仅秘密疏散了公务人员眷属。上海沦陷前后,国民政府将南京公职人员作为重点对象进行疏散,对普通居民则发布了"战时妇孺迁移办法",而实际对其缺乏有效的疏散组织。究其原因,国民政府企图通过稳定首都南京社会秩序,向外界展示抗日的决心;所统制的交通工具,忙于军事输送及国府西迁,无暇顾及平民百姓的疏散。南京城陷后,大量市民滞留南京,日军大屠杀得以上演。嗣后,国民政府吸取了教训,在重点城市开展了人口疏散工作。

As the War of Resistance Against Japan broke out and gradually progressed, the National Government planned to evacuate the population in Nanjing, but the actual evacuation was carried out in secret involving merely dependants of public officials. Around the fall of Shanghai, efforts were focused on public officials. Though ＂ Wartime Women and Children Mi- gration＂ was issued for ordinary inhabitants in the city, there was actually no effective evacuation for them. One reason was that the Government hoped to show to the world its determination to resist Japan by maintaining social order and stability of the capital city. Moreover, vehicles came to be too engaged in military transport and the government＇s westward movement to be spared for the evacuation of the civilian population. After the fall of Nanjing, large numbers of citizens stranded in Nanjing and fell victims in the Nanjing Massacre. Later, the government drew lessons from this tragedy and carried out population e- vacuations in other major cities.