摘要
G9a是一种具有经典SET结构域的组蛋白甲基化转移酶,主要负责常染色质区域组蛋白H3中K9和K27位点的甲基化。G9a通过两种不同的机制来调控基因转录:一方面,G9a可以促进基因启动子区域组蛋白或DNA的甲基化,从而抑制基因转录;另一方面,G9a可以作为一种脚手架蛋白来募集转录激活子,从而激活基因转录。近年来的研究表明,G9a调控自噬反应和细胞分化,并在肿瘤发生、胚胎发育、认知及适应性行为和脂肪形成等多种生物过程中起着重要作用。本文对近年来G9a的研究进展进行总结,并就其在多种疾病的预防与治疗中的作用进行展望。
G9a, with a classical SET domain, is one of histone methyltransferases. G9a is mainly responsible for the methylation of H3K9 and H3K27 in euchromatin. G9a regulates gene transcription via two distinct mechanisms： on one hand, G9a can induce histone methylation and DNA methylation in the region of gene promoters to suppress gene transcription; on the other hand, G9a can act as a scaffold protein to recruit transcriptional activators and to promote gene transcription. Recent studies have demonstrated that G9a regulates autophagy, cell differentiation, and plays essential roles in the many biologic processes including tumorigenesis, embryo development, cognition, and adipogenesis. In this review, the latest studies on G9a are summarized, and the possible roles of G9a in prevention and treatment of several diseases are discussed.
出处
《生命科学仪器》
2015年第2期23-29,共7页
Life Science Instruments
基金
教育部博士点基金(20110141110018)
关键词
G9a
组蛋白甲基化
基因转录调控
G9a
Histone methylation
Gene transcription regulation
