基于宏组学方法认识微生物群落及其功能

Understanding microbial communities and their functions by meta-omics approaches

进入后基因组学时代,测序技术飞速发展,测序成本明显下降,形成了涵盖宏基因组学、宏转录组学和宏蛋白质组学的宏组学技术,推动了对微生物群落的多样性、结构及潜在基因功能方面的深入研究。最近随着整合的宏组学技术的提出及应用,全面系统分析微生物群落动态变化及其代谢功能已成为可能,这将成为微生物生态学研究的新趋势。本文综述了宏组学在研究海洋湖泊、深海热泉、人体肠道、牛瘤胃生境、森林土壤与堆肥生境等环境中微生物群落的结构和功能方面的最新进展与成功应用案例。

In the post-genomic era, the exponential progress in sequencing technology evidently reduced the cost of sequencing. Meta-omics technology includes metagenomics, metatranscripteomics and metaproteomics, has emerged in this progress, which has promoted the in-depth study of the diversity, construction and potential functions of microbial communities. Lately, the dynamic changes and metabolic functions of microbial communities can be comprehensively analyzed with the integrated application of meta-omics, and this is becoming a new research trend of microbial ecology. This paper summarized latest advances and successful application using meta-omics technology to study of structure and function of microbe communities in various environments, such as ocean, lakes, deep-sea hydrothermal vents, human gut, bovine rumen, soil and compost.