施用不同草菇菌渣对生菜产量、品质及土壤理化性质的影响

Effect of straw mushroom residue on soil lettuce yield and quality and soil physicochemical property

利用堆置发酵后的草菇菌渣作为有机肥料,选择生菜为供试作物,以常规施肥和空白对照作为对比,对生菜的产量、品质等指标进行分析,并测定土壤有机质含量、孔隙度、保水性等理化性质,评价草菇菌渣的肥效及其对土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明,菌渣处理能提高生菜产量,降低生菜中的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量,提高Vc含量,且以油茶壳菌渣效果最好。菌渣处理后土壤的有机质含量显著提高,全氮含量略高于空白对照,但显著低于常规施肥。碱解氮、速效磷等含量显著低于常规施肥,速效钾变化不显著。与常规复合肥相比,施用草菇菌渣土壤肥效仍较低;菌渣处理能降低土壤比重和容重,提高总孔隙度,毛管孔隙度没有明显差别,非毛管孔隙度差别增加。

In this study,agricultural residues from straw mushroom cultivation were naturally stacking fermented to organic fertilizer. The growth and quality of lettuce planted on soil supplemented with mushroom residues were compared with those planted on soil with chemical fertilizer and control（ without fertilizer）. Based on the above results,combining with the changes of soil physicochemical factors,including soil organic matter,porosity,water retention,ect.,the effects of straw mushroom residues on soil fertility and physicochemical property were evaluated. The results showed that mushroom residues could improve the yield of lettuce,effectively reduce the nitrate and nitrite content and increase the vitamin C content. Of these residues,the effect of camellia oleifera shell on growth and quality of lettuce was the best. Mushroom residues could significantly enhance the soil fertility. The total nitrogen contents of soil with mushroom residues were slightly higher than those of the control,but significantly lower than those of chemical fertilizer soil. The contents of available nitrogen and phosphorus were significantly lower than those of the chemical fertilizer,but the available potassium contents had no significant change.In summary,the soil fertility effects of straw mushroom residues were lower when compared with chemical fertilizer. Application of straw mushroom residues could decrease the specific weight and bulk densityand increase the total porosity of soil. Straw mushroom residues had no obviously effect on soil capillary porosity,but could increase the difference in the noncapillary porosity of soil.