龙眼嫁接更新品种模式研究初报

Preliminary study on changed variety by grafting method to longan

通过3种不同的嫁接方式（T1.大枝锯口嫁接;T2.短截后嫁接;T3.重回缩后在新梢上嫁接）,将‘石硖’龙眼品种更新为晚熟、果大的‘良庆1号’品种,并探索嫁接成活率高、新品种产量恢复快的嫁接模式。结果表明：接口粗度（直径）0.5-1.5 cm（T2）的‘良庆1号’嫁接在‘石硖’龙眼1-2年生枝上,接穗数量多、成活率高、成活接穗数显著高于T1和T3处理。T1、T2、T3的单株平均成活率依次为27.27%、63.10%、72.73%,单株平均成活接穗数分别为3、45、8个,2012年9月份于嫁接当天测量3个处理的冠径,依次为165.7、358.3、154.3 cm,树高依次为138.7、206.7、163.0 cm,3个月后的冠径依次为181.3、370、168.3 cm,树高依次为169.7、223.3、173.3 cm;2013年春季测定不同处理平均单株花穗数依次为0、40、2个;三个处理的根系垂直分布主要集中在0-60 cm,T2的根数显著高于T1和T3,在距离树干50 cm处土壤深度为0-60 cm范围内的根数依次为37、72、18条,T2的根系水平分布比T1和T3广,主要集中在距离树干0-100 cm的范围内;T2的光化学猝灭系数最高,光合活性强,且显著高于T1。以上结果说明T2的综合效果显著优于T1和T3。

The variety of Shixia longan was changed to cv Liangqing No.1 which mature late,big fruit and high price of market by three different grating methods.The study was carried out to exploring the grafting method of high sur-vival rate and the yield quickly recovery.The results showed that the survive rate,the scion number of survival graf-ted on stock （diameter 0.5-1.5 cm,treatment two or T2）were much higher than grafted on heave （diameter 5-10 cm,treatment one or T1）and grafted on autumn scion sprouting from heavy cut stock （treatment three or T3）.The survival rate of the three treatments was 27.27 %,63.10 % and 72.73 %,and the survival quantity of scion of per tree was 3,45 and 8.In September of 2012,the crown diameter of the Shixia longan three treatments was 165.7, 358.3 and 154.3 cm before grafted,the height was 138.7,206.7,163.0 cm,respectively.Three month later,the crown diameter of three treatments was 181.3,370,168.3 cm,the height was 169.7,223.3,173.3 cm,respectively.The num-ber of inflorescence per tree of T1,T2 and T3 was 40,0,2,respectively in the spring of 2013.The water potential of the Summer twig of T2 was lower than T1 and T3,they were-0.48 MPa,-0.77 MPa,-0.50 MPa.The root depth of the vertical distribution of three treatments was malnly between 0 cm to 60 cm,the quantity of root of T2 was much more than T1 and T3,The root quantity of the depth between 0 cm to 60 cm and 50 cm far from the trunk was 37,72 and 18,the horizontal distribution of the root of T2 was wider than T1 and T3,malnly between 0 cm to 100 cm,T1 The photochemical quenching coefficient of T2 was the highest,the photosynthetic activity was strong,and it was significantly higher than T1.In conclusion,the integreted effects of the top working graft treatment was significantly better than the two treatments of heavy cutting-back.