显性契约还是隐性契约--公司和农户缔约属性的影响因子分析

Explicit Contract versus Implicit Contract:a Factor Analysis on Contracting Attribute between Corporation and Farmers

为了有效缔结公司和农户自我实施的契约关系,缔约主体必须对绩效作出主观和客观度量,包含主观度量的契约是隐性契约,而包含客观度量的是显性契约。一方面,随着农产品市场竞争程度的加强,交易机会的改善,显性契约可以发挥越来越大的作用;另一方面,随着我国农产品市场环境的不断改善,客观绩效度量的不确定性从比较高的水平开始不断下降,农业中介组织在强化公司和农户的契约关系中的作用日益增强,隐性契约在稳定公司和农户的交易关系上的作用在不断提高。而当这种不确定性下降到足够低时,公司和农户可以高效地直接缔约而不需要第三方实施。

Corporations should adopt subjective and objective measures in order to effectively contracting self-enforcing between corporate and farmers.The contract including subjective measures is a relational contract and the contract including objective measures is an explicit contract.The paper discusses how corporations and farmers select contractual scale and scope to maximize net surplus through serial explicit and relational contracts,which is a foundation of stable contract between corporate and farmers.On one hand,the uncertainty of objective measures continuously decreases from supernal standard along with constant improvement on farm products market environment in our country,and agricultural medium organizations play a more and more important role in strengthening contract relationship between corporations and farmers,thus the effect of relational contract on intensifying contract relationship between corporations and farmers increases.When the level of this uncertainty falls down,corporations and farmers can directly sign a contract with high efficiency without a third party.