滴灌量对新冬18号行间产量差异的影响机理分析

Analysis of Mechanism of Drip Irrigation Effect on Xindong 18 Interline Differences in Yield

【目的】揭示滴灌量对冬小麦产量行间差异的影响规律。【方法】研究1 620、1 950（W2）、2 400（W3）、2 850 m^3/hm^2（W4）4种滴春水处理,对新冬18号麦田0-100 cm土层含水量、距毛管第1行、3行旗叶叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质含量、叶面积、干物质积累和产量的行间差异的影响。【结果】随着滴水量的增加,距毛管第1行与第3行0-60 cm土层含水量差异明显缩小,并且第1行与3行旗叶叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质含量、叶面积、干物质积累和产量的行间差异也明显缩小,多表现为W4〉W3〉W2〉W1;第3行小麦旗叶叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质含量的增幅明显大于第1行,孕穗至花后20 d第3行植株叶面积、干物质积累和产量的增幅也明显大于第1行,增加产量和水分利用效率。【结论】增加滴水量,主要是改善远离毛管处土层水分状况,缩小麦田土壤含水量的空间变异性,导致小麦植株生长及产量的行间差异缩小,避免远离毛管处植株受旱害是产量和水分利用效率提高的重要原因。

[Objective] To reveal the rules of drip irrigation on interline difference of yield in winter wheat. [ Method] In the field ,four drip water treatment were studied, their order was ： 1 620 m^3/hm^2 （ W1）, 1 950 m^3/hm^2 （ W2 ） , 2 400 ma/hm^2 （ W3 ） ,2 850 m^3/hm^2 （ W4 ） and the effect of interline differences on water content of soil in 0 - 100 cm, chlorophyll of flag - leaf and soluble protein content of the first and third line far away capillary, leaf area, dry matter accumulation and yield was researched. [ Result] With quantities of drip water increase, the different water content was obviously reduced at the first and third line apart from capillary at the 0 - 60 cm soil layers, and the difference of chlorophyll of flag - leaf and soluble protein content, leaf area, dry mater accumulation and yield of the first and third line was greatly reduced, showing W4 〉 W3 〉 W2 〉 W1. As for the chlorophyll of flag - leaf and soluble protein content of wheat, the amplitude of leaf area, dry matter accumulation and yield from booting stage and twenty days after flowering （20DAF） of the third line was remarkably larger than the first line, which might increase yield and water use efficiency （WUE）. [ Conelusion ] Water status of soil layers were mainly improved far away from capillary with quantities of drip water increase, and the spatial variability of water content of soil changed little in the wheat field, which led to the diminution of plant lines, thus avoiding plant capillary suffering injury that is the important factor limiting the yield and water use efficiency under drought condition.