姜敬爱与萧红小说的叙事结构艺术

Application of Art of Narrative Structure by Kang Kyeong-ae and Xiao Hong

作为同一时代不同国度的两位女作家,姜敬爱与萧红小说在叙述亲历体验、人性书写和主流叙事等方面趋向同质,然而从其叙事结构艺术上看,前者倾向于按照时间线索和人物性格发展的逻辑结构小说,属于纵式结构;后者突破情节和人物的整一性,呈现横式结构。从视角选择和话语模式看,前者主要以男性视角来表述,其主要叙述策略是借助发话者所设定并展开的谈话氛围进行焦点透视(固定视角);后者则侧重从女性视角观察,并运用反讽叙事的话语模式,通过散点透视(众语喧哗),批判传统社会的舆论和偏见以及女性的集体无意识。之所以如此,可从创作观和性别观两个角度分析其成因。

Kang Kyeong-ae was comtemporary with Xiao Hong though they were from different countries. The two female writers demonstrate similar styles in the descriptions of experiences, human nature and mainstream narration while applying different narrative structures： Kang tends to indicate a vertical structure based on the time and the development, of heroes; Xiao breaks the unity of polts and characters with a horizontal pattern. As for the perspectives and discourse modes, the former emphasizes the focus （fixed perspective） with the help of the atmosphere created by the speakers, mainly the male heroes in her novels. However, the latter concentrates on female＇s perspectives to criticize the traditional public opinions, prejudice and female＇s collective unconsciousness by scattered centre （mass argument）. The causes of the above differences can be analyzed according to different views on literary creation and sexual distinction.