15世纪至19世纪朝鲜语敬语法的演变

The Evolution of Korean Honorific Systems during the 15^(th)-19^(th) Century

15世纪朝鲜语敬语法主要分为主体敬语法、客体敬语法、听者敬语法。随着时代的发展与变化,朝鲜语敬语法体系也发生了相应变化。特别是从15世纪到19世纪的演变过程中,客体的模糊性以及"说话者=主体、听者=客体"的谈话环境使客体敬语词尾的语法功能转向于尊敬听者。因此,到了19世纪,以敬语词尾所表现的客体敬语法已消失,听者敬语法得到了不断的强化,以致演变成为主体敬语法、听者敬语法的二元体系。

In the 15th century, Korean honorific system mainly divided into the subject-honor- ific, the object-honorific and the hearer-honorific. However, the object-honorific system shown by the grammatical forms disappeared due to the ambiguity of the object and the talk environment of ＂speaker=subject, hearer=object＂. Thus the reinforcement of the hearer-honorific system occurred in the 19th century and Korean honorific system mainly evolved into the subject- honorific and the hearer-honorific.