美国公立大学的治理体系——以马里兰大学(帕克分校)为例

The Governance System of Public Universities in the U.S.——A Case of University of Maryland,College Park

本文阐述了美国公立大学体系的基本理念和结构,研究了美国公立大学外部治理模式和内部治理体系,并对社会力量参与高等教育质量保障和大学经费来源进行了说明。进而以马里兰大学(帕克分校)的实地考察为基础,分析了马里兰大学(帕克分校)的体系结构、经费收入与支出及内部治理体系,论述了该校校长、教务长、院长和教授在治理体系中的职责以及相互关系,研究了美国大学各层级中学术权力与行政权力的分权与制衡。最后对美国大学的优势、治理体系的可取之处、中美大学的动态比较提出了几点思考。

In this paper,we elaborate the basic concepts and structures of American public universities,and study their external governance models as well as internal governance systems. In addition,the participation of social forces in the quality assurance of higher education and its sources of funds is illustrated. Based on the field investigation in University of Maryland,College Park,we give an analysis on the systemic structures,income and expenditures,and internal governance systems,expound responsibilities and relations of president,dean of studies,deans,and professors in governance system,decentralization and counterbalance between academic and administrative power at different levels in American universities. Finally,it is worth thinking about what we can learn from the advantages and governance system of American public universities by comparing American and Chinese public universities.