论共有人优先购买权的性质及效力

On Nature and Effectiveness of Preemption of Co-owners

优先购买权作为一项特殊的民商事制度,有着特别重要的意义。共有人优先购买权是一种财产权,既得权,形成权,但核心的性质应该是形成权。对于多个共有人存在的情况下,在共有人内部之间转让标的物就不存在优先购买权的问题。对于在外部转让的情况下,会存在对外合同的效力瑕疵情形,同时还包括多个共有人之间在同时要求行使优先购买权时的效力。为了维护民事公平的原则,对第三人的利益也要做出相应的平衡性保护,这就有必要通过登记制度来确定共有人优先购买权的效力。

The preemptive right as a special civil and commercial system has special significance. The Preemption of co-owners is a kind of property right, vested right, and right of formation, but its core should be the right of formation. For more part-owners, there does not exist the problem of preemption by transferring subject matter among themselves. In the external transferring case, de-fects of case validity may exist in external contracts, and part-owners can exercise preemptive right at the same time. In order to malntaln the principle of civil justice and to make corresponding balanced protection to the interests of the third person, it is neces-sary to determine the total effect through the registration system of preemptive right.