鲁国“公室”考

A Study of Gongshi in the State of Lu

多数学者将《左传》中鲁国"公室"之"公"理解为国君,并与《左传》称呼鲁国在位国君之"公"混同。考察"鲁侯""鲁公""公室"等词在西周、春秋时期的用法,发现"公室"之"公"与《左传》称在位国君之"公"无关,把"公"理解为过世的国君较为妥当。"公室"是鲁国历代因袭的政治、经济、军事集合体。它属于整个家族,不单独属于家族中的任何个人(包括国君)。

The scholars of past dynasties had different views on Gongshi divided by three clans in Lu state . Most scholars understood the “Gong” of “Gongshi” as the monarch , and confused it with the appellation of the reigning monarch in The Spring and Autumn Annals.Through studying the using of “Lu Hou,” “Lu Gong” and“Gongshi” in the Western Zhou Dynasty and Spring and Autumn Period , it proves that “Gong” of the “Gongshi”have no relationship with the appellation of the reigning monarch in The spring and Autumn Annals.It is more ap-propriate that “Gong” is understood as the monarch who had been dead .“Gongshi” was founded at the beginning of the State of Lu, which is a political , economic and military aggregate .It is public resources belonging to the whole state , but did not belong to any individual , including the reigning monarch .