《论语》《老子》公理化诠释的比较

Comparative Analysis of Axiomatic Interpretations of Lunyu and Laozi

公理化方法源于数学领域,旨在建构学科的演绎系统。公理化方法运用于诠释传统经典《论语》《老子》是一种新的尝试,而考察《论语》《老子》中的核心概念及其准确含义,是运用公理化方法诠释两书的前提。《论语》中的"道"属于伦理学范畴,指有利于人类社会和谐生存的价值取向;《老子》中的"道"属于哲学范畴,指万物生成的本源和运行的规律。《论语》《老子》二书中的公理,在万物本源、政治理念、修身养性、学习求知等方面都存在着异同,体现了儒道两家思想体系的区分。这种区分与春秋后期的历史背景关系密切,对于当代社会有着重要的启示意义。

The axiomatic method has its origin in the field of mathematics, aiming at the construction of de-ductive system.The use of the axiomatic method is a new attempt for interpretation of the classics.Studying the core concept and its precise meaning in Lunyu and Laozi is the premise for interpretation of these two books with axiomatic method.Dao in Lunyu is an ethic notion, referring to the values favoring harmony in human survival, while Dao in Laozi is a philosophical category, referring to the law guiding the origin and functioning of all things.There are apparent similarities and differences between the axioms of Lunyu and Laozi in origin of life, political beliefs, self-cultivation and knowledge acquisition, reflecting the distinction between Confucianism and Taoism.This distinction are closely related to the historical background of the late Spring and Autumn Period, providing important significance for contemporary society.