丽辽“关系分期”“朝贡分期”与“遣使分期”辨析——东亚封贡体系形成理论研究之一

On the Stage of relationship,the Tributary Stage and the Envoy Stage Between Korea and the Liao Dynasty——Formation Theory of the Tributary System in East Asia

通过学界对丽辽"关系分期""朝贡分期"与"遣使分期"的认识和使用,从丽辽"关系""朝贡""遣使"的起止时间及阶段划分等三个方面入手,对上述三组概念进行了综合考察。认为"关系"强调的是"事物之间相互作用、相互影响的状态","朝贡"强调的是"宗藩关系",而"遣使"强调的则是"使者派遣"。三组概念既有区别,又有联系。同时对丽辽"关系分期""朝贡分期""遣使分期"提出了新的划分标准与依据。并得出由于丽辽两国在1038年以后,朝贡制度与遣使制度实现了制度化,因此1038年以后的丽辽关系,应为东亚封贡体系之始的结论。

This paper investigates the relationship between Korea and the Liao Dynasty in China from three perspectives the problems of the relationship stages ; the tributary stages and the envoy stages. The starting and ending time of the relationship , the tributary and the envoy dispatching between the two countries and the division of different historical stages. The discussion of the Relationship is focused on the interaction between Korea and the Liao Dynasty, the Tributary system emphasizes the relation between clan and vassal; the Envoy stresses the envoy dispatching. These three concepts have different nature. The paper proposes a new di- vision standard. After the year of 1038, the tributary system and the envoy - dispatching system had institutionalized. Therefore, the relation between Koryo and Liao Dynasty after 1038 should be the beginning of the tributary system in East Asia.