伊犁马泌乳后期饲喂不同粗蛋白质、消化能水平日粮对马驹生长发育和血液生化指标的影响

Effects of Feeding Different Dietary Crude Protein and Digestible Energy to Yili Mares during Late Lactation Stage on Growth Development and Blood Biochemical Parameters of Foals

本试验选取年龄11～12周岁、体重（410±30）kg、胎次4～5胎，处于第3泌乳月的伊犁马30匹，随机分为6组，每组5匹马。采用两因子二次回归正交旋转组合设计，以日粮粗蛋白质和消化能为变量，研究泌乳后期伊犁母马饲喂不同粗蛋白质、消化能水平日粮对马驹生长发育和血液生化指标的影响。试验1～6组消化能和粗蛋白质日饲喂量分别为92MJ／d、1．20kg／d，125MJ／d、1．20kg／d，92MJ/d、1．55kg／d，107MJ／d、1．35kg／d，125MJ／d、1．44kg／d和115MJ／d、1．55kg／d。结果表明，母马饲喂不同营养水平日粮对4、5月龄马驹体重、体高、胸围和管围均无显著影响（P〉0．05）。与试验2组（消化能125MJ／d、粗蛋白质1．20kg／d）相比，试验4组（消化能107MUd、粗蛋白质1．35kg／d）马驹4、5月龄时体长发育显著增加（P〈0．05）。从血液生化指标来看，各组间马驹总蛋白、白蛋白、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、尿素氮、肌酐及谷丙转氨酶水平均无显著差异（P〉0．05），母马饲喂试验4组日粮后可明显提高马驹尿酸和谷草转氨酶水平。由此可知，伊犁母马泌乳后期粗蛋白质摄入1．35kg／d、消化能摄入107MJ／d时可明显提高马驹体长发育速度，日粮营养通过提高谷草转氨酶活性影响氮代谢。

In this paper,thirty Yili mares aged 11 to 12 years with weighing 410 kg± 30 kg,pari- ty of 4 to 5 in third lactation month were selected,and were randomly divided into six groups,each group with five repeats. Two factors quadratic regression orthogonal rotational combination de- sign was adopted to evaluate the effects of feeding different dietary CP and DE to mares on growth development and blood biochemical parameters of foals. Daily DE and CP feeding levels of the 6 groups were 92 MJ/d and 1.20 kg/d,125 MJ/d and 1.20 kg/d,92 MJ/d and 1.55 kg/d,107 MJ/d and 1.35 kg/d,125 MJ/d and 1.44 kg/d,115 MJ/d and 1.55 kg/d,respectively. The results showed that body weight, body height, chest circumference and cannon circumference of foals of four and five months were not significant affected by maternal protein and energy intake （P〉 0.05）. As compared with ration contained high DE （125 MJ/d） and low CP （1.20 kg/d） ,feedingwith ration contained moderate DE （107 MJ/d） and CP （1.35 kg/d） improved body length of foals of four and five months significantly （P〈0.05）. From the blood biochemical parameters, such as total protein, albumin, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipo- protein cholesterol, urea nitrogen, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, there were no significant differences among all groups （P〉0.05）. Mares fed with ration contained moderate DE （107 MJ/ d） and CP （1.35 kg/d） obviously improved the aspartate aminotransferase and uric acid level. In summary,Yili mares during lactation late stage fed with 1.35 kg/d CP and 107 MJ/d DE daily could significantly improve body length development of foals, and foals nitrogen metabolism was altered by maternal dietary nutrition through increasing blood aspartate aminotransferase activity.