牡豆8号祖先亲本追溯及遗传解析

Ancestors Tracking and Genetic Dissection for Released Soybean Cultivar Mudou No. 8

牡豆8号是黑龙江省农业科学院牡丹江分院选育的高油、高产大豆品种,具有高产、抗旱、优质等特点,受到农民的欢迎。本文通过对其亲本进行追溯,建立系谱树,分析其亲本的地理来源及核遗传贡献率,揭示其遗传基础,为大豆育种亲本的选择利用提供参考。结果表明:牡豆8号属于四粒黄细胞质家族,传递过程是:四粒黄→黄宝珠→满仓金→克5501-3→绥农3号→绥农4号→绥农8号→垦农19→牡豆8号。核基因由祖先亲本农大4840、克山四粒荚、小粒豆9号、十胜长叶、Amsoy、四粒黄、金元、白眉、永丰豆、小粒黄、黄-中-中20和佳木斯秃夹子共同提供,核遗传贡献率分别是:25.00%、15.23%、12.50%、12.50%、7.81%、7.28%、7.28%、5.96%、3.13%、2.34%、0.78%和0.20%;选择亲本时,母本往往选择在当地有广泛适应性的主栽品种,而父本则选择融入地理远缘基因和生态远缘基因的桥梁亲本;品种遗传基础狭窄仍然是限制大豆育种进展的瓶颈问题。

Mudou No. 8,bred by Mudanjiang Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,is a high oil and high yield soybean cultivar,is welcome by soybean planters with high yield,drought resistance and high quality. Based on ancestors tracking and pedigree tree building,we analyzed Mudou No. 8 parent geographical origin and nuclear genetic contribution,and reveal its genetic basis,this research could provide a reference for soybean breeding parent selection and use. The result showed that Mudou No. 8 belonged to Silihuang cytoplasm family,transfer process was： Silihuang → Huangbaozhu → Mancangjin → Ke5501-3 → Suinong No. 3 → Suinong No. 4 → Suinong No. 8→Kennong 19→Mudou No. 8. Nuclear genes were provided by the ancestors,including Nongda4840,Keshansilijia,Xiaolidou No. 9,Tokachi-Nagaha,Amsoy,Silihuang,Jinyuan,Baimei,Yongfengdou,Xiaolihuang,Huangzhong-zhong 20 and Jiamusitujiazi. Nuclear genetic contribution rate respectively was 25. 00%,15. 23%,12. 50%,12. 50%,7. 81%,7. 28%,7. 28%,5. 96%,3. 13%,2. 34%,0. 78% and 0. 20%. In the parent selection process,the local cultivars with a wide adaptation are often selected as the female,and the bridge parents with the geographical and ecological distant gene are used as the male. Narrow variety genetic basis is still a bottle-neck problem of limitting soybean breeding progress.